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1 LETTER
tengwa (pl. tengwar is attested; this word was used primarily of the Fëanorian letters. However, the term "Tengwar of Rúmil" occurring in LotR:1151 seems to indicate that the word tengwa can indeed be used of a letter of any kind, not only the Fëanorian letters. In non-technical use tengwa may also be translated "consonant" [q.v.]. It is uncertain whether tengwa "letter" can be used in the sense mail, text sent in the post; the primary meaning is clearly "character, a single symbol in writing".) The noun tengwa is also the source of the verb tengwa- “read”. – Another word for “letter” is sarat (pl. sarati is attested) – an older [MET] word Tolkien notes was used of "a 'letter' or any individual significant mark", used of the Rúmilian letters after the invention of the Fëanorian Tengwar (but cf. the term "Tengwar of Rúmil" mentioned above). –TEK, WJ:396, VT49:48, LotR:1151 -
2 CHARACTER
(settled character) indómë ("also used of the 'will' of Eru [God]", VT43:16). For "character" = letter, see LETTER. -
3 ART
Carmë (making, production); BLACK ARTS núlë (sorcery). (The word is spelt “ñúle” in the source, reflecting the older pronunciation; in Tengwar spelling the initial nasal should therefore be represented by the letter Noldo). –UT:396, PE17:125 -
4 BLACK
morë (stem mori-, as in compounds like Moriquendi), morna, morqua; BLACKNESS mórë (darkness, night); BLACKHANDED morimaitë, BLACKBERRY piucca (only glossed "berry" in GL:64); BLACK FOE Moringotto (the oldest [MET] form was Moriñgotho) (Morgoth). BLACK ARTS núlë (sorcery). (The word is spelt “ñúle” in the source, reflecting the older pronunciation; in Tengwar spelling the initial nasal should therefore be represented by the letter Noldo). –MOR, LT1:260, LotR:1015/SD:68, 72, LT2:347, MR:194, PE17:125 -
5 CONSONANT
\#pataca (only pl. patacar is attested), \#lambetengwë (literally "tongue-sign"; only pl. lambetengwi is attested; this refers to consonants as tengwi or phonemes), also náva-tengwë ("ñava-") (literally "mouth-sign"; only pl. náva-tengwi is attested; the shorter form \#návëa pl. návëar was also used, but Fëanor replaced these terms with \#pataca). Yet another term for "consonant" was \#tapta tengwë "impeded element". (Only pl. tapta tengwi is attested; we would rather expect *taptë tengwi with the pl. form of the adjective. The nominal pl. of the adjective, taptar, was used in the same sense as tapta tengwi.) Tolkien also notes: "Since...in the mode of spelling commonly used the full signs were consonantal, in ordinary non-technical use tengwar [sg tengwa, see LETTER] became equivalent to 'consonants'." Cf. also surya "spirant consonant" and punta "stopped consonant", i.e. a consonant sign with an underposed dot to indiate that it is not followed by a vowel. –VT39:8, VT39:16, 17, WJ:396, SUS, PUT (see PUS), VT46:10, 33 -
6 CRUEL
nwalca (Though spelt this way also in Etym, nwalca must be from older *ngwalca, for the stem is ÑGWAL. In Tengwar spelling, the letter nwalmë (< older ngwalmë) should be used to transcribe the initial nw of nwalca.) –ÑGWAL -
7 FINGOLFIN
Nolofinwë –PM:344 (In the source,, Nolofinwë is spelt with initial ñ, that is, ng. Initial ng had become n in Third Age Quenya, and I follow the spelling of LotR and transcribe it accordingly. But if this word is written in Tengwar, the initial n should be transcribed with the letter noldo, not númen.) -
8 GLITTER
(vb) mirilya-; GLITTERING rilya (in the Etymologies as printed in LR, this word also seemed to be glossed "brilliance", but according to VT46:11, this gloss properly refers to another word), GLITTERING LIGHT rilma; GLITTERING REFLECTION (from jewels, glass, polished metals, or water) nalta (radiance – alata in Silm:433 is the Telerin form. In PM:347, nalta is spelt with initial ñ, that is, ng. Initial ng had become n in Third Age Quenya, and I follow the system of LotR and transcribe it accordingly. But if this word is written in Tengwar, the initial n should be transcribed with the letter noldo, not númen.) –MBIRIL, RIL/VT46:11, PM:347 -
9 HARP
(vb) nanda-; HARP (noun) nandë; LITTLE HARP nandellë; HARPING (noun, not adjectival participle) nandelë; HARPER nandaro, HARP-PLAYER tyalangan. (In Etym, all but the last of these words are spelt with initial ñ, that is, ng. Initial ng had become n in Third Age Quenya, and I follow the system of LotR and transcribe it accordingly. But if these words are written in Tengwar, the initial n should be transcribed with the letter noldo, not númen.) HARP-PLAYING salmë. HARPING ON ONE TUNE vorongandelë ("vorogandele" in the published Etymologies is a misreading; see VT45:7) (continuous repetition) –NGAN, TYAL; cf. LotR:1157, LT1:265, LIN1 -
10 KNOW
ista (pa.t. sintë, also isintë; according to VT48:25 the pa.t. is "certainly irreg."), KNOW ABOUT hanya- (understand, be skilled in dealing with), KNOWLEDGE handë (understanding), ista, istya, issë (lore), nólë (long study, lore, wisdom). (In Etym this word is spelt with initial ñ, that is, ng. Initial ng had become n in Third Age Quenya, and I follow the system of LotR and transcribe it accordingly. Nólë is so spelt also in Silm:432. But if this word is written in Tengwar, the initial n should be transcribed with the letter noldo, not númen.) HAVING KNOWLEDGE istima (wise, learned) –IS, VT48:25, LT2:339; KHAN, ÑGOL, Silm:432 -
11 LEARNED
istima (wise, having knowledge), nóla (wise). (In Etym, the latter word is spelt with initial ñ, that is, ng. Initial ng had become n in Third Age Quenya, and I follow the system of LotR and transcribe it accordingly. Cf. also the spelling of the related word nólë in Silm:432. But if this word is written in Tengwar, the initial n should be transcribed with the letter noldo, not númen.) LEARNED MAN istyar (scholar) –IS, ÑGOL -
12 LORE
nólë (long study, wisdom, knowledge), †ingolë (deep lore, magic [in WJ:382, the gloss is simply "lore", and the word is not stated to be poetic]), issë; SECRET LORE nolwë (wisdom). (These forms may obsolete nólemë in LT1:263. In some sources, nólë and nolwë are spelt with initial ñ, that is, ng. Initial ng had become n in Third Age Quenya, and I follow the system of LotR and transcribe it accordingly. Cf. also the spelling of the related word nólë in Silm:432. But if these words are written in Tengwar, the initial n should be transcribed with the letter noldo, not númen.) LOREMASTER ingolmo (In Lambengolmor "Loremasters of Tongues" the initial i of ingolmo [pl ingolmor] has disappeared; perhaps \#ngolmo is the form used in compounds when the first part of the compound ends in a vowel.) –ÑGOL, LT2:339, WJ:382, WJ:383/396 -
13 MANY
limbë, also prefix lin- (by assimilation it becomes lil- before l, as in lillassëa "having many leaves"; before m, r, s it would similarly become *lim-, *lir-, *lis-). Instead of using the early "Qenya" form limbë for "many", it may be safer to use the later form rimba, by Tolkien glossed "numerous" (q.v. for reference). –LT2:342, LI, Plotz letter -
14 MARK
(in writing) tehta (sign, diacritic) (In LotR:1155, this word is applied to the supralinear vowel-signs of Fëanorian writing, and pl tehtar is attested.) sarat (pl. sarati is attested), originally [MET] a word used of "a 'letter' or any individual significant mark", but after the invention of the Tengwar primarily used of the Rúmilian letters. TINY MARK tixë (dot, point) –TEK/VT39:17, TIK, WJ:396 -
15 PAIN
(vb) nwalya- (torment). (Though spelt this way also in Etym, nwalya- must be from older *ngwalya, for the stem is ÑGWAL. In Tengwar spelling, the letter nwalmë (< older ngwalmë) should be used to transcribe the initial nw of nwalya.) PAIN, HURT (vb.) mala-. PAIN (noun) nwalma, naicelë, naicë (= sharp pain); PAINFUL naicelëa –ÑGWAL, VT46:4, QL:63, NÁYAK -
16 RADIANCE
alcar, alcarë (brilliance, splendour), incalë (compare Ancalë or "Radiant One" as a name of the Sun, LR:392 s.v. KAL, though it is not clear whether or not Tolkien abandoned this word), fairë (Note: the word fairë has several other meanings – see DEATH, FREEDOM, PHANTOM), nalta (glittering reflection [from jewels, glass, polished metals, or water] – alata in Silm:433 is the Telerin form, and alta in VT42:32 would seem to be a variant. In PM:347, nalta is spelt with initial ñ, that is, ng. Initial ng had become n in Third Age Quenya, and we follow the system of LotR and transcribe it accordingly. But if this word is written in Tengwar, the initial n should be transcribed with the letter noldo, not númen.) RADIANT alcarinqua (glorious) –AKLA-R, VT45:36, PHAY, PM:347, WJ:369 (where alkar is translated "splendour") -
17 READ
tengwa- (verb denominated from tengwa “letter”), conjugated in many forms in source: aorist [teng]wa, present [teng]wëa, past [teng]wanë, perfect e[teng]wië; READING (verbal noun) tengwië (also attested with suffixes: tengwiesto “of your [dual] reading”). –VT49:47-48, 54 -
18 REFLECTION
(glittering) nalta (radiance – alata in Silm:433 is the Telerin form. In PM:347, nalta is spelt with initial ñ, that is, ng. Initial ng had become n in Third Age Quenya, and I follow the system of LotR and transcribe it accordingly. But if this word is written in Tengwar, the initial n should be transcribed with the letter noldo, not númen.) –PM:347 -
19 SHIP
cirya (defined as "sharp-prowed ship" in Silm:433; dual ciriat [read *ciryat?] is attested in Letters:427; all numbers and cases except plural possessive *ciryaiva are attested in the Plotz letter. In Silm:433, the spelling círya occurs, but all other sources have cirya with a short i, so círya is likely an error by Christopher Tolkien); luntë (boat); SHIPMAN ciryaquen (sailor) –KIR, LT1:249/LUT, WJ:318 -
20 SILVER
telpë, telep- (tyelpë, tyelep- was the original form of the word in Noldorin Quenya, but "the form telpe became usual, through the influence of Telerin; for the Teleri prized silver above gold, and their skill as silversmiths was esteemed even by the Noldor" [UT:266]. However, in Letters:426 it is stated that "the form tyelpë remained in Quenya" and was not wholly displaced by telpë. LT1:268 has telpë = telempë.) Cf. also ilsa (a "mystic name" of silver), †silmë (also meaning light of Silpion, starlight). SILVER (prob. adj) tinda (glinting), OF SILVER telepsa, telpina, telemna. SILVER LIGHT istel, istil ("applied by the Ilkorins to starlight, probably a Q[uenya] form learned from Melian"). SILVER GLINT nillë (a star on Varda's simulacrum covering Valinor. Spelt ñillë, i.e., ngillë, in MR:388, but initial ng had become n in Third Age pronunciation, and I follow the system of LotR and transcribe it accordingly. But is this word is written in Tengwar, the letter noldo, not númen, should be used to transcribe the initial n.) –Silm:429, KYELEP, LT1:255, SIL, TIN, MR:388
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